HR 1: An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.

HR 1 in plain English: This major reconciliation bill reduces taxes, adjusts spending across numerous federal programs, and raises the statutory debt limit. It makes sweeping changes to programs including SNAP food assistance, farm commodity supports, Medicaid, and tax provisions, while extending and modifying agricultural programs previously authorized by the 2018 farm bill.

Stated purpose

This bill carries out a budget reconciliation process directed by the FY2025 congressional budget resolution, reducing some taxes, adjusting spending across many federal programs up or down, and raising the legal limit on federal borrowing.

Key points

• Tightens SNAP work requirements, extending them to adults up to age 65 and removing exemptions for veterans, homeless individuals, and some former foster youth
• Sets new commodity reference prices for crops, including wheat at $6.35/bushel, corn at $4.10/bushel, soybeans at $10.00/bushel, and peanuts at $630.00/ton
• Raises farm payment eligibility income limit from $125,000 to $155,000 and sets new loan commodity rates, such as wheat at $3.72/bushel and soybeans at $6.82/bushel
• Provides agricultural conservation funding rising from $625,000,000 in fiscal year 2026 to $700,000,000 in fiscal years 2029–2031
• Reduces taxes and increases the statutory debt limit as part of the budget reconciliation process

Arguments supporters make

• Tightening work requirements for food assistance encourages self-sufficiency and directs limited resources to those who truly cannot work, saving taxpayer money.
• Boosting defense spending strengthens national security and military readiness at a time of growing global threats.
• Expanding domestic energy production on federal lands can lower energy costs, create jobs, and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.

Arguments opponents make

• Removing work-requirement exemptions for veterans, homeless people, and young adults who aged out of foster care cuts food aid from some of the most vulnerable Americans who face real barriers to employment.
• Raising the debt ceiling while also cutting taxes adds to the national debt, shifting the financial burden to future generations.
• Reducing funding for renewable energy and climate programs while expanding fossil fuel leasing moves federal policy away from addressing long-term environmental risks.

Tradeoffs

Reducing taxes and increasing defense and agricultural support spending delivers immediate benefits to those groups but requires raising the debt limit and cutting other programs, creating a tension between near-term priorities and long-term fiscal balance; expanded work requirements may reduce program costs but could also remove food assistance from people who struggle to find work.

Current status in Congress: Became law.

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